Scholem was a member of the German Reichstag from 1924 to 1928. He was arrested by the Nazis when they took power in 1933, deported to Buchenwald in 1938, and later executed by the SS along with Ernst Heilmann, another Jewish former Reichstag member.

Rosenfeld served around China as a surgeon and Minister of Health in the Provisional Communist Military Government of China. He received a rank equivalent to that of a general.

Crook fought in the Spanish Civil War, was recruited by the NKVD, and was sent to China during WWII.

After WWII, he lived in China, where he spent most of the remainder of his life.

As one of the very few naturalized citizens of the PRC, Shapiro held citizenship from 1963 to his death.

In 1983, he was elected as a member of a governmental assembly of the PRC that provided a forum for input from non-Communist political organizations.

Adler resided in China from the 1960s to his death, working as a translator and economic advisor.

Rittenberg was imprisoned twice in solitary confinement by the Chinese Communist Party on suspicions of espionage.

He remained loyal to the party and was apologized to by CCP leadership upon his release.

Epstein became a member of the Chinese Communist Party in 1957. He was honored by many Chinese officials throughout his life, including Mao Zedong.

Grigori Voitinsky is considered one of the founders of Soviet Sinology, and wrote several books about contemporary Chinese politics. He died in 1953 during a failed surgical operation.

Aschberg founded the first Swedih bank for trade unions and cooperatives, Nya Banken, in 1912. He also helped finance the Popular Front in the Spanish Civil War.

Vasily Grossman wrote The Black Book of Soviet Jewry, the first documentary work made on the Holocaust, with Ilya Ehrenburg.

In WWII, Ehrenburg declared that Germans were “not human”, and wrote numerous articles calling for vengeance against the German population for the crimes of Nazi Germany. This earned him huge popularity among Soviet front-line soldiers.

In 1943, Moša Pijade initiated the founding of “TANJUG”, the state news agency of SFR Yugoslavia (nowadays it serves Serbia).

In 1892, Goldman and Berkman made a plan to assassinate industrialist and financier Henry Clay Frick as an act of propaganda-of-the-deed.

The attempt failed and Alexander Berkman was sent to prison.

During WWII, Lazar Kaganovich was commissar of two Caucasian fronts. After the war, he was made deputy head of the Soviet government.

During WWII, Lev Mekhlis was responsible for five to seven Soviet fighting fronts.

Litvinov was born to a wealthy Lithuanian-Jewish banking family, and his birthname was “Meir Henoch Wallach-Finkelstein”

Gerő led the country for a brief period, known as the 'Gerő Interregnum', lasting for over three months. He had been Rákosi's close associate since 1948, and was involved in party expulsions, the industrialization and collectivization of Hungary.

Lovestone was expelled from the Commmunist Party for his support of Nikolai Bukharin, and for his theory of American exceptionalism. After his expulsion, he became an anti-communist, and even provided information on Communist labor unions to the CIA.

In 1953, Weinstone and 12 other Communist leaders were convicted of conspiracy to advocate the violent overthrow of the Government. He served two years in a Federal prison and was fined $4,000.

When Lenin was forced to go into hiding in 1917, Sokolnikov and Stalin were given joint control over the Bolshevik’s newspapers.

Later, Sokolnikov engaged in vocal opposition to Stalin, and was eventually executed in Stalin’s Great Purge.

The execution was scheduled for June 20, at 11 p.m during the Jewish Sabbath. It was rescheduled for 8 p.m. - before sunset.

Yagoda was a defendant at the Trial of the Twenty-One. He admitted his guilt and was executed.

In 1919, Luxemburg was executed by the German Freikorps, a military unit dispatched by the Weimar Republic's government, after being one of the leaders of an attempted Communist revolution in post-WWI Berlin.

During Lenin's final illness, Kamenev served as the acting leader of the Soviet Union.

After being purged from the Soviet leadership and Communist Party by Stalin, Trotsky spent the rest of his life in exile, where he advocated a new “Fourth International” revolutionary organization in opposition to Stalin’s Comintern.

In 1940, he was killed with an ice ax by an assassin in Mexico.

As head of the Communist International, Zinoviev’s efforts to mobilize communist revolution abroad failed. His involvement in providing aid to German communists attempting to overthrow the Weimar Republic vilified him in the international eye.

He was eventually executed in Stalin’s Great Purge.